{"id":7308,"date":"2023-10-24T21:04:27","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T21:04:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/?page_id=7308"},"modified":"2023-10-24T21:04:27","modified_gmt":"2023-10-24T21:04:27","slug":"causes-and-effects-of-climate-change-part-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/modules\/module-1-the-science-of-climate-change\/causes-and-effects-of-climate-change-part-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Causes and Effects of Climate Change &#8211; Part 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body container\" role=\"main\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<div class=\"panel\">\n<div class=\"panel-body\">\n<div id=\"bodyContent\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"What_is_global_warming_.28or_global_heating.29.3F\">What is global warming (or global heating)?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In Lesson 1, you learnt that some people use the terms \u201cglobal warming\u201d and \u201cclimate change\u201d interchangeably. What is the difference between climate change and global warming? Watch this video to learn the difference:\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"media\" src=\"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru-course\/idevices\/Icon_multimedia.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Global Warming vs Climate Change<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\n<div data-mode=\"normal\" data-provider=\"youtube\" id=\"arve-youtube-enj8xdcvh9s\" style=\"max-width:400px;\" class=\"arve alignleft\">\n\t<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.250000%\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &apos;none&apos;;autoplay &apos;none&apos;;bluetooth &apos;none&apos;;browsing-topics &apos;none&apos;;camera &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-read &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-write;display-capture &apos;none&apos;;encrypted-media &apos;none&apos;;gamepad &apos;none&apos;;geolocation &apos;none&apos;;gyroscope &apos;none&apos;;hid &apos;none&apos;;identity-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;idle-detection &apos;none&apos;;keyboard-map &apos;none&apos;;local-fonts;magnetometer &apos;none&apos;;microphone &apos;none&apos;;midi &apos;none&apos;;otp-credentials &apos;none&apos;;payment &apos;none&apos;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &apos;none&apos;;publickey-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;screen-wake-lock &apos;none&apos;;serial &apos;none&apos;;summarizer &apos;none&apos;;sync-xhr;usb &apos;none&apos;;web-share;window-management &apos;none&apos;;xr-spatial-tracking &apos;none&apos;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube-enj8xdcvh9s\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/enj8xDcVh9s?iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"225\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/enj8xDcVh9s?iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0\" title=\"Global Warming vs Climate Change (4:57)\" width=\"400\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/course.fossdle.org\\\/baccc\\\/modules\\\/module-1-the-science-of-climate-change\\\/causes-and-effects-of-climate-change-part-3\\\/#arve-youtube-enj8xdcvh9s\",\"@type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/enj8xDcVh9s?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0\",\"name\":\"Global Warming vs Climate Change (4:57)\"}<\/script>\n\t\n<div class=\"arve-error\"><p><small><abbr title=\"Advanced Responsive Video Embedder\">ARVE<\/abbr> error: maxwidth: <code>560px<\/code> is not valid<\/small><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\nYou can adjust the playback speed and\/or turn on subtitles\/captions.\n<\/p>\n<p>If you have trouble accessing the video, a summary is available below.\n<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"h5p-iframe-1\" class=\"class1 class2 h5p-iframe h5p-initialized WEH5P\" src=\"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/BaCCC\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=h5p_embed&amp;id=6\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200px\" style=\"width:100%;height:200px;font-weight: bold\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\nGlobal warming (or global heating) is attributed to the enhanced greenhouse effect. This is caused by the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides, act like a blanket (an electric blanket, and we keep turning up the heat) and trap heat inside the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, thus causing global warming. In the video, you learnt that global warming has been taking place since 1880. The graph below shows the global temperature anomaly (the deviation from what had been normal) since 1880. Take note of when the temperature started rising up. Also, what might have caused the spike in temperature in the late 1930s and early 1940s?\n<\/p>\n<p>Study the diagram below that illustrates the global temperature anomaly since 1880.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:182px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\/File:Global_temperature_anomaly.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/wikieducator.org\/images\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Global_temperature_anomaly.png\/180px-Global_temperature_anomaly.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"96\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">Graph showing global temperature anomaly since 1880<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><br style=\"clear:both\">\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"oeru1 table table-striped\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th> <b>Feedback<\/b>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i>Research shows that the 1930\u221240s spike can be attributed to the rise in greenhouse gases \u201cas industrialized cities and nations continued burning coal to power factories and trains,\u201d perhaps as the world was industrializing to pull itself out of the Great Depression (1929\u22121939) (Upton, 2016).<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatecentral.org\/news\/scientists-trace-climate-heat-link-to-1930s-20115\/\">Scientists trace climate\u2212heat link back to 1930s<\/a>&#8220;<sup id=\"cite_ref-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The graph below is a totally different way of visualising the temperature anomaly (increase) since 1880 from a seasonal perspective. Note that the temperature anomaly is greater (a wider spread in the bands of colour) in the winter months than in the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere. In other words, winters are warming even more than summers, which has an impact on snowfall, and hence freshwater availability.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner thumbnail\" style=\"width:182px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\/File:Temperature_anomaly_since_1880.png\" class=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/wikieducator.org\/images\/thumb\/8\/87\/Temperature_anomaly_since_1880.png\/180px-Temperature_anomaly_since_1880.png\" width=\"180\" height=\"111\" class=\"thumbimage img-responsive\"><\/a>  <\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">Graph showing temperature anomaly since 1880<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><br style=\"clear:both\">\n<\/p>\n<p>According to Australia\u2019s National Science Agency, \u201cthere is no record of temperature having increased as rapidly as it has over the past century.\u201d\n<\/p>\n<p>The following sums up what you have learnt about global warming.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"oeru1 table table-striped\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th> <b>United Nations COP26 (2021) presentation slide (adapted)<\/b>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li> Electricity from coal or diesel generators and industry or pollution from factories contribute the most.\n<\/li>\n<li> More greenhouse gases trap more heat in the atmosphere, leading to global warming.\n<\/li>\n<li> Since 1880, the global temperature has increased by almost 1\u00b0C.\n<\/li>\n<li> How much this rises depends on how much more greenhouse gas is released.\n<\/li>\n<li> The temperature could rise by almost 5\u00b0C by 2100 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], Fifth Assessment Report). However, countries around the world agreed to keep this below 2\u00b0C.\n<\/li>\n<li> Humans have added so much greenhouse gas to the atmosphere that, even if all emissions stopped today, the planet would still continue to warm for decades to come.\n<\/li>\n<li> Global warming intensifies the water cycle.\n<\/li>\n<li> Higher temperatures increase the <b>evaporation of water<\/b> from oceans, lakes and rivers.\n<\/li>\n<li> <b>Warmer air holds more water vapour<\/b>, resulting in <b>more intense rainstorms<\/b>. This can lead to flooding.\n<\/li>\n<li> Floods, where water runs off into rivers and streams, do little to dampen the parched soil. This and increased temperatures can lead to <b>drought<\/b>.\n<\/li>\n<li> Weather patterns across the world are affected over time.\n<\/li>\n<li> This results in <b>CLIMATE CHANGE<\/b>.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"activity\" src=\"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru-course\/idevices\/Icon_activity.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Activity<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>Global warming is a process. Using the information in the text box, draw a flow diagram (using arrows) that shows the global warming process. You can then use this diagram to make a public presentation, describing the process of global warming. Make an audio or video recording of your presentation.<br \/>\n.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\/index.php?title=The_Process_of_Global_Warming&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" class=\"new\" title=\"The Process of Global Warming (page does not exist)\">The Process of Global Warming<\/a><\/p>\n<table class=\"oeru1 table table-striped\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td> Increased Greenhouse Gas Concentrations\n<\/td>\n<td> Increased Temperatures\n<\/td>\n<td>Human Activities: Burning Fossil Fuels, Deforestation, Synthetic Fertilisers, Industrialised Livestock\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> Enhanced Greenhouse Effect\n<\/td>\n<td> Incoming Solar Radiation\n<\/td>\n<td> Heat Absorbed by Land and Sea\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<\/td>\n<td> Atmosphere\n<\/td>\n<td> Global Warming\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> Radiation Reflected Back into Space\n<\/td>\n<td> Greenhouse Effect\n<\/td>\n<td> Solar Energy\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Now that you know the process of global warming, let us find out if there are any visible signs of global warming that you know of. Do the next activity based on the resources you have been learning from.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"panel iDevice\">\n\t<div class=\"panel-heading idevice-heading\">\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"pedagogicalicon\" alt=\"activity\" src=\"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-content\/themes\/oeru-course\/idevices\/Icon_activity.png\">\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div>\n\t\t\t<h2>Activity<\/h2>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"panel-body\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p>Respond to the following in your learning journal:\n<\/p>\n<p>1. List any six signs of global warming.\n<\/p>\n<p>2. Which of these signs have you experienced or are visible in your local area or country?\n<\/p>\n<p>3. How do we relate global warming to ocean temperatures and sea levels?\n<\/p>\n<p>4. Besides the increase in ocean temperatures and the rise of sea levels, what are other effects of global warming on oceans?\n<\/p>\n<p>5. How does the warming up of the ocean affect the water cycle?\n<\/p>\n<p>6. Carry out a mini-investigation on how sea level rise is a risk to some countries already and as the global average temperature rises.<br \/>\n.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\n<\/p>\n<table class=\"oeru1 table table-striped\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th> <b>Feedback<\/b>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>1. Signs of global warming\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> Glaciers are melting.\n<\/li>\n<li> Arctic permafrost is melting.\n<\/li>\n<li> Arctic sea ice extent is diminishing.\n<\/li>\n<li> The ocean surface temperature is increasing.\n<\/li>\n<li> Global sea level is rising.\n<\/li>\n<li> Humidity is increasing.\n<\/li>\n<li> The temperature of the lower atmosphere is increasing.\n<\/li>\n<li> Air temperature over land is increasing.\n<\/li>\n<li> Extreme natural events are increasing in frequency, intensity and duration.\n<\/li>\n<li> Tropical storms are becoming more frequent and severe.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. In your local area, you may have observed or experienced extreme weather events, such as heavy and erratic rainfall, hailstorms and heatwaves.\n<\/p>\n<p>3. Sea level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> the added water from melting land ice\n<\/li>\n<li> the thermal expansion of seawater as it warms\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>4. If global temperatures continue to increase, oceans will also be facing the ecological challenges of ocean acidification and deoxygenation. At the same time, fragile marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, are also under threat.\n<\/p>\n<p>5. Global warming speeds up (energises) the water cycle.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-1\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\">Climate Central, 2023.<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.climatecentral.org\/news\/scientists-trace-climate-heat-link-to-1930s-20115\/\">Scientists trace climate\u2212heat link back to 1930s<\/a><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.066 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.076 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 416\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 1663\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 7566\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 2502\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 7\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n--><\/p>\n<p><!-- Saved in parser cache with key we_en-mw_:pcache:idhash:190679-0!*!0!!*!2!* and timestamp 20231024210427 and revision id 1105503\n -->\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-md-12\">\n<ul class=\"pager\">\n<li class=\"previous\">\n            <a href=\"\/baccc\/modules\/module-1-the-science-of-climate-change\/causes-and-effects-of-climate-change-part-2\">\u2190 Previous<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<li class=\"next\">\n            <a href=\"\/baccc\/modules\/module-1-the-science-of-climate-change\/causes-and-effects-of-climate-change-part-4\">Next \u2192<\/a>\n          <\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"wenote-ids\"><script type='text\/javascript' id='wenotes-ids'>\n    var WEnotesSite = \"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\";\n    var WEnotesPath = \"\/BaCCC\/Module_1\/Lesson_2\/Part_3\";\n    var WEnotesSiteID = \"0e3d258fbd36841f92259eefcd41d5e9\";\n    var WEnotesPathID = \"dca9849df101d048dbd765d26803fcfc\";\n    var WEnotesIDs = { site: \"https:\/\/wikieducator.org\", path: \"\/BaCCC\/Module_1\/Lesson_2\/Part_3\", site_id: \"0e3d258fbd36841f92259eefcd41d5e9\", path_id: \"dca9849df101d048dbd765d26803fcfc\" };\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<footer><\/footer>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is global warming (or global heating)? In Lesson 1, you learnt that some people use the terms \u201cglobal warming\u201d and \u201cclimate change\u201d interchangeably. What is the difference between climate change and global warming? Watch this video to learn the difference: You can adjust the playback speed and\/or turn on subtitles\/captions. If you have trouble [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"parent":7292,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7308","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7308","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7308"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7309,"href":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7308\/revisions\/7309"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/course.fossdle.org\/baccc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}